What does the term "pushback" refer to?

The term "pushback" specifically refers to the process of moving an aircraft away from the gate using a specialized vehicle known as a pushback tractor. This maneuver is crucial for safely repositioning aircraft in such a way that they can align with taxiways and prepare for departure. During pushback, ground crew ensures that the area is clear of obstacles and that the aircraft is being maneuvered in a controlled manner. This process is a critical aspect of airport operations, as it enables efficient flow of air traffic and helps maintain schedules.

The other options touch on various aspects of airport operations but do not accurately describe what "pushback" entails. While the movement of luggage and aircraft maintenance are important, they represent different functions within the broader airport operations framework.